Since water treatment is a very sensitive and important process it requires the presence of both physical and chemical processes. Coagulation is a process used to neutralise charges and form a gelatinous mass to trap or bridge particles thus forming a mass. Mar 04, 2017 the process of consolidation of colloidal particles by neutralizing the charges with a coagulant, so that they can remove from the treated water by sedimentation or filtration is called coagulation. It even replaces traditional treatment process such. Slow sand filtration is essentially a biological process whereas rapid sand filtration is a physical treatment process.
Coagulation and rapid mixing coagulation is the process by which particles become destabilized and begin to clump together. Coagulation and flocculation are used to separate the suspended solids portion from the water. Coagulation is a widely applied unit process for removing particles and organic matter present in water treatment works wtw jarvis 2005. The water produced by the oil and gas industry is majorly wastewater stream that consists of dissolved and dispersed oil with high salinity levels. Electrocoagulation in the treatment of industrial waters. Yet coagulation water treatment is far from being a new process. Coagulation is an essential component in water treatment operations. Electrocoagulation in the treatment of industrial waters and. Jan 10, 2017 many water treatment plants use a combination of coagulation, sedimentation, filtration and disinfection to provide clean, safe drinking water to the public. Suspended particles cannot be removed completely by plain settling.
Water treatment coagulation process operation and jar. Coagulation water treatment process hard and soft water. The treatment has also been demonstrated to work more efficiently when lower concentrations of pollutants are present and when the ph is between 4 and 8 adhoun et al. Coagulation is one of the physicochemical methods most widely used in water treatment for purification of urban and industrial wastewater. Common water treatment processes intended to remove suspended solids and reduce turbidity include. Material for this article was largely taken from reference 1. Coagulation is especially useful in removing the chemical phosphorus from water.
Water treatment plant wtp processes that are commonly used in getting clean potable water to your household. It is a vital part for drinking water and wastewater treatment. Electrocoagulation in the treatment of industrial waters and wastewaters chemical coagulation is commonly used in raw water and wastewater treatment plants for the destabilisation of pollutants so that they can be removed in the subsequent separation processes. It is the process of destabilizing suspended, emulsified or dissolved contaminants in aqueous medium by introducing a minimal amount of electrical current. The use of preengineered cmf package plants is a realistic possibility for new installations where water quality precludes the use of sorption treatment. Coagulation is a process used to neutralise charges and form a gelatinous mass to trap or bridge particles thus forming a mass large enough to settle or be trapped in the filter. In fact, it was in use by the egyptians as early as 2,000 b. Topics of discussion the place of flocculation within a water treatment process the use of coagulation and flocculation in the water industry softening separation of flocs by settling and flotation 042716 water treatment 35 36. A simultaneous removal of ammonium and turbidity via an. The performance of coagulation is the major factor in improving water treatment efficiency. He used these methods as pre treatment to enhance the coagulation and flocculation. Researches are needed for novel coagulants, hybrid processes and control schemes. Most published works deals with applications for treatment of drinking water and urban, industrial or agricultural wastewaters so as to enhance the simultaneous abatement of soluble and colloidal pollution.
Coagulation civl 1112 water treatment coagulation and flocculation 27. Coagulationflocculation processes in waterwastewater treatment. Apr 03, 2018 coagulation is especially useful in removing the chemical phosphorus from water. Ppt coagulation and flocculation linkedin slideshare. For electrocoagulation to be an effective treatment technique, the conductivity of the contaminated water must be high. The results of the effects of operating parameters on pilot scale electrocoagulation process are shown in table 3 and figures 2,3, 3,4, 4, and and5 5.
Electrocoagulation has a wide variety of wastewater treatment capabilities. Slaughterhouse wastewater contains various and high amounts of organic matter e. Worldwide, a combination of coagulation, sedimentation and filtration is the most widely applied water treatment technology, and has been used since the early 20th century. Flocculation or floculation is a significant process widely utilized in water treatment operations, including purification of drinking water, sewage water treatment, storm water treatment and treatment of various other industrial wastewater streams. Later the romans used the coagulation process in water treatment, as did the english in the 18th century. Electrocoagulation ec is a broadspectrum treatment technology that removes total suspended solids tss, heavy metals, emulsified oils, bacteria and other contaminants from water. Coagulation and flocculation process fundamentals 1 coagulation and flocculation. Though often used interchangeably with coagulation, it is in fact a distinct process that. Coagulation and flocculation processes are used to separate the suspended solids portion from the water. Civil engineers are vital in the treatment and delivery of water to. In order to produce an effluent suitable for stream discharge, chemical coagulation and electrocoagulation techniques have been particularly explored at the laboratory pilot scale for organic compounds removal from slaughterhouse effluent.
Coagulationflocculation process for produced water treatment. Coagulation and flocculation are an essential part of drinking water treatment as well as wastewater treatment. It thereby reduces additional costs involved for the process. Howard, rowe, tchobanoglous, environmental engineering, 2014. Civil engineers design, monitor and maintain water treatment plants and water supplies. Removal of turbidity by coagulation depends on the type of colloids in. Coagulationflocculation sswm find tools for sustainable. He attempted improvement in the quality of town water by application of alternating current, direct current and magnetic field. In order to realize the proposed goal, there were studied the following factors which can improve the process of coagulation. Coagulation is a chemical process that involves neutralization of charge whereas flocculation is a physical process and does not involve neutralization of charge. Coagulation and flocculation water treatment process.
Evaluation and optimization of the coagulation rapid mixing step of the water treatment process includes a variety of aspects. Pdf aeration, coagulation and flocculation processes in. Because of this, the sedimentation step is usually preceded by a chemical process known as coagulation. Many small private water supplies will rely on cartridge filters consisting of a woven or spun filter within a standard housing. Harmful chemicals from human activities industrial wastes, pesticides, fertilizers. Coagulationassisted microfiltration cmf uses essentially the same process described above, except that the final filtration process is accomplished using membranes. Pathogens diseasecausing organisms that include bacteria, amoebas and viruses, as well as the eggs and larvae of parasitic worms. Jun 29, 2012 the effects of applied voltage and reaction time on electrocoagulation process of slaughterhouse wastewater treatment were determined. These fundamentals serve as a basis for compliance with multiple treatment objectives and prepare the reader for additional detail introduced later in this manual. Treatment of food processing industry wastewater by a. Apr 27, 2016 topics of discussion the place of flocculation within a water treatment process the use of coagulation and flocculation in the water industry softening separation of flocs by settling and flotation 042716 water treatment 35 36. Principlea and design, mwh2005, isbn 04710110183 5. Coagulation, flocculation and clarification of drinking water. Coagulationflocculation is a chemical water treatment technique typically applied prior to sedimentation and filtration e.
All waters, especially surface waters, contain both dissolved and suspended particles. Flocculation,flocculation process,uses of flocculation process. Coagulation and flocculation are essential processes in various disciplines. The paper identify and explain three of the most commonly use processes of enhancing the quality and purity of water treatment namely aeration which is the process that provides oxygen from the atmosphere to effect beneficial changes in the raw water.
Experiments were carried out using jar test, which is usually employed to evaluate the treatment process efficiency. Key difference coagulation vs flocculation in water treatment water treatment is an important aspect which involves many different steps. Large, heavy particles settle out readily, but smaller and lighter particles settle very slowly or in some cases do not settle at all. Coagulation plays primary and important roles in water and wastewater treatment. The aim of presented research was to optimize the treatment process of the prut river water. The surface of a colloidal particle tends to acquire an electrostatic charge due to the ionization of surface groups and the adsorption of ions from the surrounding solution. This article provides an overview of the processes and looks at the latest thinking. Hassanien carried out investigation on physic chemical treatment of water22. A very important step in water and in wastewater treatment is the coagulationflocculation process, which is widely used, due to its simplicity and costeffectiveness. Coagulation is a water treatment process that causes very small suspended particles to attract to one another and form larger particles. Coagulation filtration arsenic in drinking water u. Dec 10, 2017 key difference coagulation vs flocculation in water treatment water treatment is an important aspect which involves many different steps. Coagulation flocculation is a chemical water treatment technique typically applied prior to sedimentation and filtration e. Groundwater and surface water contain both dissolved and suspended particles.
Water supply system coagulation and flocculation britannica. The paper identify and explain three of the most commonly use processes of enhancing the quality and purity of water treatment namely aeration which is the process. Pdf coagulationflocculation processes in waterwastewater. Coagulation and flocculation in water and wastewater. Many water treatment plants use a combination of coagulation, sedimentation, filtration and disinfection to provide clean, safe drinking water to the public. Difference between coagulation and flocculation in water. On the surface of the cathode, water is hydrolyzed into hydrogen gas and hydroxyl groups.
Water supply system water supply system coagulation and flocculation. The coagulation flocculation process can be used as a preliminary or intermediary step between other water or wastewater treatment processes like filtration and sedimentation. As water passes through the electrocoagulation cell, multiple reactions take place simultaneously. The role of coagulation in water treatment sciencedirect. Effects of coagulation ph and mixing conditions on. Choice of water treatment process choice of treatment process depends on. The process is effective for removal of particles, suspended solids and also organic matters5. Treatment of paint manufacturing wastewater by the combination. Coagulants are the chemicals that are used to removes tiny particles in water. The combination of 20 years of design experience and advanced. Evaluation and optimization of the coagulationrapid mixing step of the water treatment process includes a variety of aspects. The coagulation process involves the addition of the chemical e. Meanwhile, electrons flow freely to destabilize surface charges on suspended solids and emulsified oils. Coagulation is a unit process of addition of coagulant chemicals to water and rapid mixing so as to neutralize the electrical charges of the colloidal particles in the water, and allow them to come closer and form fine clumps or micro flocs.
Coagulation flocculation processes in water wastewater treatment. Slaughterhouse wastewater treatment by combined chemical. Civil engineers are vital in the treatment and delivery of water to your household. One property that may have a significant impact at water treatment works is characteristics of flocs, which cause a cr itical effect on solidliquid separation process mccurdy 2004.
What is coagulation and flocculation in wastewater treatment. Hassanien carried out investigation on physic chemical treatment of water 22. The precipitation of colloids and ions are held in the solution by electrical charges. Pdf waste water treatment by coagulation and flocculation. The process of consolidation of colloidal particles by neutralizing the charges with a coagulant, so that they can remove from the treated water by sedimentation or filtration is called coagulation. Study of floc properties is essential to enhance the coagulation efficiency. A very important step in water and in wastewater treatment is the coagulation flocculation process, which is widely used, due to its simplicity and costeffectiveness. Coagulation chemical treatment typically is applied prior to sedimentation and filtration to enhance the ability of a treatment process to remove particles. Coagulationflocculation process for produced water. The most commonly used coagulation chemicals are aluminium and iron metal salts. Coagulation is a process to neutralize charges and then to.
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